(Low Back Pain)
También indexado como: Ciática, Desgarro de la Musculatura Lumbar, Distensión de la Espalda, Dolor de Espalda, Hernia del Núcleo Pulposo, Hernia Discal, Lumbago
La parte baja de la espalda soporta la mayor parte del peso del cuerpo, y como resultado, es susceptible al dolor por lesión o por otros problemas. Más de 80% de los adultos experimentan dolor lumbar alguna vez en su vida. Más de la mitad tendrán episodios recurrentes.
Cuadro resumen
| Clasificación | Vitaminas, suplementos y hierbas |
|---|---|
 |
Enzimas (quimotripsina, tripsina) |
 |
Colchicine (de azafrán otoñal) D,L-fenilalanina (DLFA) Vitamina B1, Vitamina B6, Vitamina B12 (en combinación) |
|
|
|
La hierba está respaldada
principalmente por el uso tradicional, o bien, la hierba o el suplemento tienen poco respaldo
científico o presentan un beneficio mínimo para la salud.¿Cuáles son los síntomas?
El dolor lumbar puede ser sordo y continuo o ser un dolor agudo que empeora con el movimiento.
¿Cómo se trata?
Los medicamentos anti inflamatorios no esteroideos (NSAIDs) como aspirin (Bayer®, Ecotrin®, Bufferin®), ibuprofen (Motrin®, Advil®) y naproxen (Aleve®) pueden ayudar a aliviar el dolor en casos leves. Las personas con dolor lumbar debido a músculos distendidos pueden beneficiarse de la aplicación tópica de methylsalicylate (Ben-Gay®, Icy Hot®, Flexall Ultra Plus®) o trolamine salicylate (Aspercreme®, Myoflex®).
Los medicamentos más potentes de este tipo que necesitan receta, como ibuprofen (Motrin®), naproxen (Naprosyn®, Anaprox®), indomethacin (Indocin®), diclofenac (Voltaren®) y etodolac (Lodine®), pueden llegar a ser necesarios. El dolor de moderado a intenso puede requerir del uso de narcóticos combinados con acetaminophen, como codeine (Tylenol® con Codeine), hydrocodone (Vicodin®, Lortab®) y oxycodone (Percocet®). Los relajantes musculares, como carisoprodol (Soma®), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®) y baclofen (Lioresal®), también pueden recomendarse.
Un tratamiento convencional puede incluir aplicación de calor y frío, reposo, ejercicios de fortalecimiento y flexibilidad, terapia física e información sobre cómo mantener una buena postura y sobre la mecánica del cuerpo. En algunos casos puede recomendarse cirugía de la espalda.
Suplementos nutricionales que pueden ser beneficiosos
- Enzimas pancreáticas: Las enzimas quimotripsina y tripsina pueden ser útiles pasa cicatrizar heridas menores porque tienen propiedades anti inflamatorias y pueden absorberse intactas en el tracto gastrointestinal. Las cantidades disponibles en los preparados comerciales son variables. Una preparación popular contiene 24 mg de tripsina (720 unidades FIP [Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique]) y 1 mg de quimotripsina (300 unidades FIP) por comprimido. Las dosis recomendadas para un suplemento oral van de 5 comprimidos dos veces al día hasta 10 tres veces al día. Estas enzimas pueden ser más efectivas para el dolor lumbar crónico y la ciática que para el dolor lumbar agudo.
- D,L-fenilalanina (DLFA): De 1,500 a 2,500 mg al día.
- Vitamina B1, vitamina B6 y vitamina B12 en combinación (Vitamina B1 y B6, 50 mg de cada una, 250 µg de vitamina B12, tomadas durante una o dos semanas): Esta combinación de vitaminas ha demostrado que puede aumentar el efecto de los medicamentos anti inflamatorios.
Hierbas que pueden ser beneficiosas
- Colchicine (de azafrán otoñal): El colchicine alivia el dolor, los espasmos musculares y la debilidad asociada con un problema de discos. Sin embargo, las personas con dolor lumbar deben consultar a un médico con conocimientos de herbolaria antes de tomar colchicine, ya que tiene efectos secundarios potencialmente graves.
- Sauce blanco (Salix alba) (corteza): Los productos estandarizados, de 60 a 120 mg de salicin al día; tintura, de 1 a 2 ml tres veces al día; en forma de té, de 1 a 2 gramos de corteza hervida en una taza de agua durante diez minutos.
Cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden ser beneficiosos
- Tabaquismo: Dejar de fumar
- Alcohol: Limitar el consumo de alcohol.
- Ejercicio: Ejercicio regular y técnicas adecuadas para levantar pesos.
- Ejercicios terapéuticos: Consultar con un profesional de la salud.
- Manténgase activo: Trate de mantenerse activo y lleve a cabo un programa diario normal sin exagerar.
- En el trabajo: Usar zapatos cómodos de tacón bajo, sentarse en sillas con buen apoyo para la parte baja de la espalda, usar superficies de trabajo que estén a una altura cómoda y descansar un pie en un banco pequeño cuando se está de pie durante largos periodos de tiempo.
- Al conducir: Déle soporte a la parte baja de la espalda cuando maneje durante largos periodos de tiempo.
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La información que se presenta en Aisle7 tiene carácter meramente informativo. Está basada en estudios científicos (ya sea en humanos, animales o in vitro), en experiencia clínica o en el uso tradicional, como se cita en cada artículo específico. Los resultados que se mencionan podrían no presentarse necesariamente en todas las personas. Muchas de las enfermedades que se describen pueden tratarse también con medicamentos, ya sea que requieran receta o no. En caso de tener algún problema de salud y antes de utilizar cualquiera de los suplementos o de hacer algún cambio en los medicamentos que se le hayan recetado, consulte a su médico o a su farmacéutico. La información está vigente hasta febrero de 2010.
